Imyenda iboshye iyungurura n'imyenda idafite inyundo iyungurura (izwi kandi nka imyenda idafite inyundo idafite inyundo) ni ibikoresho bibiri by'ingenzi mu bijyanye no kuyungurura. Itandukaniro ryabyo ry'ibanze mu mikorere y'inganda, imiterere y'imiterere, n'imikorere bigena ikoreshwa ryabyo mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura. Igereranya rikurikira rikubiyemo ingano esheshatu z'ingenzi, ryiyongereyeho imiterere ifatika n'inama zo guhitamo, kugira ngo bigufashe gusobanukirwa neza itandukaniro riri hagati yabyo bibiri:
Ⅰ .Itandukaniro ry'ingenzi: Kugereranya mu bipimo 6 by'ingenzi
| Igipimo cyo kugereranya | Igitambaro cyo kuyungurura gikozwe mu budodo | Igitambaro cy'urufunguzo kidapfundikirwa |
| Uburyo bwo gukora | Hashingiwe ku "kudodana hagati y'ubudodo n'ubudodo," ubudodo bw'ubudodo (longitudinal) n'ubudodo bw'ubudodo (butambitse) bubohwa hakoreshejwe icyuma cyo kuboha (nk'icyuma cyo kuboha umwuka cyangwa icyuma cyo kuboha cya rapier) mu buryo bwihariye (busanzwe, bworoshye, bwa satin, nibindi). Ibi bifatwa nk' "ingufu zo kuboha." | Nta kuzunguruka cyangwa kuboha bikenewe: imigozi (staple cyangwa filament) ikorwa mu buryo butaziguye mu ntambwe ebyiri: gushinga urubuga no guhuza urubuga. Uburyo bwo guhuza urubuga burimo guhuza ubushyuhe, guhuza imiti, gukubita urushinge, no guhuza amazi, bigatuma iki gikorwa kiba "kidakozwe". |
| Imiterere y'imiterere | 1. Imiterere Isanzwe: Ubudodo bw'inyundo n'ubw'inyundo buboshye kugira ngo bukore imiterere isa n'urushundura ifite ingano n'uburyo bwo gukwirakwira. 2. Icyerekezo cy'imbaraga zisobanutse: Imbaraga zo kuzunguruka (longitudinal) muri rusange ziba ziri hejuru y'imbaraga zo kuzunguruka (transverse); 3. Ubuso buringaniye neza, nta fibre nyinshi igaragara. | 11. Imiterere itunguranye: Fibres zitondetse mu buryo butunguranye cyangwa butunguranye, zikora imiterere ifite impande eshatu, ifunze neza, ifite imyenge ifite imbibi nini. 2. Ingufu za Isotropic: Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu cyerekezo cyo kuzunguruka n'icy'uburebure. Ingufu zigenwa n'uburyo bwo gufatanya (urugero, umwenda upfundikiwe n'urushinge ukomeye kurusha umwenda upfundikiwe n'ubushyuhe). 3. Ubuso bw'aho buherereye ahanini ni urwego rw'umunyururu woroshye, kandi ubugari bw'urwego rw'urufunguzo bushobora guhindurwa mu buryo bworoshye. |
| Imikorere ya filtration | 1.Uburyo bworoshye bwo kugenzura no kugenzura: Umwobo w'urushundura urahamye, ukwiriye kuyungurura uduce duto tw'ingano runaka (urugero, 5-100μm); 2. Ubushobozi buke bwo kuyungurura: Icyuho cy’urushundura cyoroshye gutuma uduce duto twinjira, bigasaba "akantu ko kuyungurura" gukora mbere yuko imikorere irushaho kuba myiza; 3. Gukuraho keke nziza yo kuyungurura: Ubuso buraryoshye kandi keke yo kuyungurura (ibisigazwa bikomeye) nyuma yo kuyungurura biroroshye kugwa, bigatuma byoroha kuyisukura no kongera kuyivugurura. | 1. Ubushobozi bwo kuyungurura bw’ibanze: Imiterere y’imyenge itatu ifata utunyangingo duto (urugero, 0.1-10μm) idashingiye ku tuyunguruzo; 2. Kudahuza neza: Ingano y'imyenge myinshi ikwirakwira, ifite intege nke ugereranyije n'imyenda iboshywe mu gupima ingano y'uduce twihariye; 3. Ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gufata ivumbi: Imiterere yayo iragoye ishobora kubika imyanda myinshi, ariko akayunguruzo k’imashini gashyirwa mu cyuho cy’imyanda, bigatuma gusukura no kongera kuvugurura bigorana. |
| Imiterere y'umubiri n'iy'imashini | 1. Ingufu nyinshi kandi irwanya kwangirika neza: Imiterere y'inyuma n'inyuma irahamye, irwanya kwangirika no kwangirika, kandi imara igihe kirekire (ubusanzwe kuva ku mezi kugeza ku myaka); 2. Ituje neza mu miterere: Irwanya guhindagurika kw'ibipimo mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, bigatuma ikoreshwa buri gihe; 3. Ubushobozi bwo kwinjira mu mwuka muke: Imiterere y’umwuka uvanze cyane ituma umwuka unyura mu mazi ugabanuka cyane (ingano y’umwuka). | 1.Imbara nke kandi ntizishobora kwangirika: Fibre zishingira ku gufatana cyangwa gufatana kugira ngo zikomeze, bigatuma zishobora kwangirika uko igihe kigenda gihita bigatuma zimara igihe gito (ubusanzwe iminsi kugeza ku mezi). 2.Kudakomera neza mu ngano: Imyenda ifatanye n'ubushyuhe ikunda kugabanuka iyo ihuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi, mu gihe imyenda ifatanye n'imiti ikunda kwangirika iyo ihuye n'ibintu bishongesha. 3.Umwotsi mwinshi uva mu kirere: Imiterere yayo itoshye kandi ifite imyenge igabanya ubushobozi bwo kudakora neza kw'amazi kandi ikongera uburyo amazi atemberamo. |
| Ikiguzi n'Ubuvuzi | 1.Igiciro cyo kubanza kiri hejuru: Uburyo bwo kuboha buragoye, cyane cyane ku myenda iyungurura neza cyane (nk'iy'ubudodo bwa satin). 2. Igiciro gito cyo kubungabunga: Ishobora kumeswa kandi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa (urugero, gukaraba mu mazi no gukaraba inyuma), bisaba gusimburwa gake. | 1. Igiciro gito cy'ibanze: Ibikoresho bitaboha biroroshye gukora kandi bitanga umusaruro mwiza. 2.Ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga kiri hejuru: Bishobora kuziba, bigorana kongera kubyaza umusaruro, kandi akenshi bijugunywa cyangwa bigasimburwa gake cyane, bigatuma bitwara amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire. |
| Guhindura Uburyo Bihinduka | 1.Uburyo bworoshye bwo koroha: Ubugari bw'imyenge n'ubugari bw'imyobo bigenwa ahanini n'ubugari bw'ubudodo n'ubucucike bw'ubudodo. Guhindura bisaba guhindura imiterere y'ubudodo, ibyo bikaba bifata igihe kinini. 2. Ubudodo bwihariye (nk'ubudodo bubiri bw'ingazi na jacquard) bushobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bwongere imiterere yihariye (nk'ubudahangarwa bwo kurekura). | 1. Koroshya cyane: Ibikoresho bifite uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyungurura no kwinjira mu mwuka bishobora guhindurwa vuba hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa fibre (urugero: polyester, polypropylene, fibre y'ikirahure), uburyo bwo gufata urubuga, n'ubugari bwabyo. 2. Bishobora guhuzwa n'ibindi bikoresho (urugero, gusiga irangi) kugira ngo byongere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi no kwirinda gufatana. |
II. Itandukaniro mu miterere y'ikoreshwa
Hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry’imikorere ryavuzwe haruguru, uburyo bwombi butandukanye cyane, cyane cyane hakurikijwe ihame ryo "guhitamo ubuziranenge kuruta imyenda iboshye, gushyira imbere imikorere myiza kuruta imyenda idafite ubudodo":
1. Igitambaro cyo kuyungurura gikozwe mu budodo: Gikwiriye "gusukura igihe kirekire, gihamye kandi gikozwe neza cyane"
● Gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye n'amazi mu nganda: nk'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura ibyuma n'amasafuriya n'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura imikandara (ibice by'amabuye n'imyanda ya shimi, bisaba gusukurwa no kuvugururwa kenshi);
● Gusukura imyuka ishyushye cyane: nk'ibiyungurura imifuka mu nganda zitanga ingufu n'ibyuma (bisaba kudashyuha no kudashira, kandi bimara nibura umwaka umwe);
● Kuyungurura ibiryo n'imiti: nko kuyungurura inzoga n'imiti gakondo y'Abashinwa (bisaba ingano idahinduka y'umwobo kugira ngo hirindwe ibisigazwa by'umwanda);
2. Igitambaro cyo kuyungurura kidafunze: Gikwiriye "gusukura by'igihe gito, gikora neza cyane, kandi gikozwe mu buryo budasobanutse neza"
● Gusukura umwuka: nk'ibikoresho byo gusukura umwuka mu rugo n'ibikoresho byo kuyungurura by'ibanze bya sisitemu ya HVAC (bisaba ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gufata ivumbi no kudakomera cyane);
● Kuyungurura amazi hakoreshejwe imashini: nko kuyungurura amazi mbere yo kuyasukura no kuyungurura amazi y’ibinyabutabire (nta mpamvu yo kongera kuyakoresha, bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyabungabunga);
● Imikoreshereze yihariye: nko kurinda abaganga (igitambaro cyo kuyungurura cy’imbere mu dupfukamunwa) n’ibikoresho byo kuyungurura umwuka bikonjesha imodoka (bisaba gukorwa vuba kandi bihendutse).
III. Ibyifuzo byo guhitamo
Ubwa mbere, Shyira imbere "igihe cyo gukora":
● Gukomeza gukora, imiterere y'imitwaro myinshi (urugero, gukuraho ivumbi amasaha 24 mu ruganda) → Hitamo igitambaro cyo kuyungurura gikozwe mu ruganda (kiramara igihe kirekire, nta gusimbuza kenshi);
● Gukora mu gihe runaka, imiterere y'umutwaro muke (urugero, kuyungurura mu buryo buciriritse muri laboratwari) → Hitamo umwenda udafite ubudodo (igiciro gito, gusimbuza byoroshye).
Icya kabiri, tekereza ku "Ibisabwa mu kuyungurura":
● Bisaba kugenzura neza ingano y'uduce (urugero, kuyungurura uduce turi munsi ya 5μm) → Hitamo umwenda wo kuyungurura uboshye;
● Bisaba gusa "kugabanya umwanda vuba no kugabanya umwanda" (urugero, kuyungurura imyanda) → Hitamo umwenda udafite ubudodo.
Amaherezo, tekereza ku "Ngengo y'Imari":
● Gukoreshwa igihe kirekire (igihe kirenze umwaka 1) → Hitamo igitambaro cyo kuyungurura gikozwe mu ruganda (igiciro cyo gutangira kiri hejuru ariko igiciro cyo gutunga cyose kiri hasi);
● Imishinga y'igihe gito (munsi y'amezi 3) → Hitamo igitambaro kidapfundikiye (igiciro gito cya mbere, wirinde gusesagura umutungo).
Muri make, umwenda uboshye w’urufunguzo ni igisubizo cy’igihe kirekire gifite “ishoramari rinini kandi riramba cyane”, mu gihe umwenda utari uworoshye w’urufunguzo ari igisubizo cy’igihe gito gifite “igiciro gito kandi cyoroshye cyane”. Nta gaciro cyangwa ubusumbane buhari hagati y’ibyo byombi, kandi amahitamo agomba gukorwa hashingiwe ku buryo bwo kuyungurura neza, imikorere, n’ingengo y’imari y’imiterere yihariye y’akazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira 11-2025